Theory of Public Goods
ثبت نشده
چکیده
The nonrivalrous property holds when use of a unit of the good by one consumer does not preclude or diminish the benefit from another consumer using the same unit of the good. Thus there is jointness in consumption of the good— one unit of the good produced generates multiple units of consumption. Nonrivalrous implies that the opportunity cost of the marginal user is zero. Some classic examples are a radio broadcast—my listening to the broadcast does not diminish your ability to benefit from the same broadcast; air quality—if a power plant reduces its sulfur dioxide emissions, all consumers in the area exposed to the plant emissions enjoy an increase in air quality; charitable giving—when one person donates to a charity and the activities of the charity expand, everyone in the community can benefit.
منابع مشابه
A Theory of the Theory of Public Goods
A public good, as defined by economic theory, is a good that, once produced, can be consumed by an additional consumer at no additional cost. A second characteristic is sometimes added, specifying that consumers cannot be excluded from consuming the public good once it is produced. Goods with these characteristics will be underproduced in the private sector, or may not be produced at all, follo...
متن کاملCoalition formation with local public goods and group-size effect
Many public goods that are provided by coalitions have a group-size e¤ect. Namely, people prefer to consume a public good in a larger coalition. This paper studies local public goods games with anonymous and separable group-size e¤ect. The core is nonempty when coalition feasible sets are monotonic and playerspreferences over public goods satisfy a condition called cardinal connectedness. More...
متن کاملConnective and Communal Public Goods in Interactive Communication Systems
This paper extends theories of public goods to interactive communication systems. Two key public communication goods are identified. Connectivity provides point-to-point communication, and communality links members through commonly held information, such as that often found in databases. These extensions are important, we argue, because communication public goods operate differently from tradit...
متن کاملReview: Game theory of public goods in one-shot social dilemmas without assortment.
We review the theory of public goods in biology. In the N-person prisoner's dilemma, where the public good is a linear function of the individual contributions, cooperation requires some form of assortment, for example due to kin discrimination, population viscosity or repeated interactions. In most social species ranging from bacteria to humans, however, public goods are usually a non-linear f...
متن کاملImproving for Drum_Buffer_Rope material flow management with attention to second bottlenecks and free goods in a job shop environment
Drum–Buffer–Rope is a theory of constraints production planning methodology that operates by developing a schedule for the system’s first bottleneck. The first bottleneck is the bottleneck with the highest utilization. In the theory of constraints, any job that is not processed at the first bottleneck is referred to as a free good. Free goods do not use capacity at the first bottleneck, so very...
متن کاملA New Approach to Public Policy Studies Relying on the Theory of Critical Discourse Analysis Studies the State as a Discourse
Understanding the policy cycle, as well as scrutinizing the text of hidden and obvious policies and rules, requires a model of discourse analysis based on which discursive ap-proaches of policy makers are understood and estimated. However, when it comes to presenting a policy model, we have to use the views of policy theorists to see how a problem as a "public goods" can be found in the policy ...
متن کامل